Updated May 9, 2025 at 10:50 AM CDT
A panel of three federal judges says the Alabama Legislature intentionally drew its congressional district map to dilute Black voting strength, which is unconstitutional and violates the Voting Rights Act.
The judges also said the state can't use the map in future elections.
The 571-page ruling issued Thursday comes in a lawsuit, Allen v. Milligan, that made it to the U.S. Supreme Court. The court agreed then that Alabama's 2021 congressional map discriminated against Black voters, in a state where African-Americans make up about a quarter of the population.
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When the Republican-controlled state legislature failed to create a new district in 2023 that would give Black voters an opportunity to elect a candidate of their choice, a federal court drew one. It resulted in the 2024 election of a Black Democrat — Rep. Shomari Figures. So Alabama now has two Black members of Congress, out of its seven seats in the U.S. House.
But the litigation continued, and federal Judges Stanley Marcus, Anna Manasco and Terry Moorer held a trial in February.
In finding for the Black voters who sued, they wrote, "try as we might, we cannot understand the 2023 Plan as anything other than an intentional effort to dilute Black Alabamians' voting strength and evade the unambiguous requirements of court orders standing in the way."
U.S. District Judges Manasco and Moorer were appointed by President Trump, and President Clinton appointed Marcus, a senior judge on the Eleventh U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
The ruling pointed out Alabama's history of defying federal court orders, and the judges said they were "deeply disturbed" by the way the state responded in this case. "The Legislature knew what federal law required and purposefully refused to provide it, in a strategic attempt to checkmate the injunction that ordered it."
In a joint statement, the Black voters who sued called the ruling "a triumph for voting rights."
"This win is a testament to the dedication and persistence of many generations of Black Alabamians who pursued political equality at great cost," they said.
The case was brought in 2021 on behalf of Evan Milligan, Khadidah Stone, Letetia Jackson, Shalela Dowdy, Greater Birmingham Ministries and the Alabama State Conference of the NAACP.
The plaintiffs are also asking the federal court to pull Alabama back into federal preclearance for future congressional districting under Section 3 of the Voting Rights Act. The state has not been subject to preclearance since the U.S. Supreme Court's 2013 ruling in another key voting rights case out of Alabama — Shelby County v. Holder.
"It is my hope that this ruling puts the issue to rest because fair representation is central to the foundation of our democracy," said Rep. Figures.
Rep. Terri Sewell, the other Black Congress member in the state, called the court's decision "yet another victory for fair representation." She said the ruling ensures Black voters in Alabama will continue to have not one but two congressional districts where they can elect a candidate of their choice. "Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act is indeed alive and enforceable!"
Alabama Secretary of State Wes Allen says he "can't comment on ongoing litigation in which I'm a named defendant." The office of the state's attorney general, Steve Marshall, says it's still reviewing the order. "All options remain on the table."
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